{"id":802,"date":"2022-04-21T15:40:30","date_gmt":"2022-04-21T15:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/holocaustmuseu.wpengine.com\/?page_id=802"},"modified":"2023-08-01T19:01:08","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T19:01:08","slug":"julius-object","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ooej.org\/el\/julius-object\/","title":{"rendered":"Julius Object"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n \n Julius' Object<\/title>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/svg>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/svg>\n<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\tThe reverse cover of Julius's diary, which was printed with a map of Poland. Note the faint hand-drawn arrows, which appear to suggest the path of the German invasion.<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Julius kept a diary recording the horrifying events he and those around him were forced to endure from 1939 to 1943, and it provides unique insight into how terrifying and isolating life was for Polish Jews during the Holocaust. It chronicals his time in both the Krak\u00f3w ghetto, and P\u0142asz\u00f3w concentration camp.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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He starts to write the diary at the point of his life where he\u2019s losing those around him, and his despair is evident: \u201cAll at once I had lost everyone, everyone who was dear to me, and only later did I understand this. How difficult it was to get used to my emptiness and loneliness.\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The diary goes on to reveal how horrendous conditions were at P\u0142asz\u00f3w. On 9 April 1943,
he writes: \u201cYesterday we witnessed a hanging and our clothes were painted in yellow stripes to make any kind of escape impossible.\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The simple fact that he kept a diary shows how brave Julius was, as by recording events he was risking his life. The act of writing a diary was Julius resisting in his own way, trying to survive, and attempting to desperately hold onto his identity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The act of writing a diary was Julius resisting in his own way<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\tThe war began, in the early morning of 1 September. Nothing like that had crossed our minds as we went to bed the evening before. I had made plans about how I would spend the day: swimming at the stadium in the morning and other pleasures in the afternoon. I was awakened by the echoes of a detonation. At first, I thought it was a storm. Then my mother got up, went to the window and noticed strange clouds of smoke in the sky and swarms of aeroplanes circling around like flies. (p. 2)\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tPrices kept going up. In general, things were getting worse. Regulations came out requiring Jews to wear an armband ten centimetres wide, with a blue Star of David, on their right sleeve. What would that look like? We could not accept it. I don\u2019t remember when the deadline passed, but I did not put one on; in fact, I did not wear one for about two weeks. On my way into town by tram, I got my first look at a Jew wearing that symbol. What a sight! I was stunned. Anybody who felt like it could pick us out and harass us. We were like those Medieval Jews marked with a yellow patch and this was supposed to be the civilized Twentieth Century! (p14)\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tLife in the ghetto worsened by the day. We sold things to buy food. The overcrowding was worse and worse. Then, sometime in December, we had to turn in all our fur. This was an operation on a large scale. The penalty for possessing fur after the deadline was death, so it was no trivial matter. (p.32)\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tWe could hear shouting and weeping from the street. I went to the window and saw the SS herding people like cattle, kicking and beating the defenceless people with their rifle butts. It was a terrible sight. I could not watch, so I backed away. A moment later, the Germans came to our apartment. We were ready for everything; nothing mattered to me anymore and Janek had also stopped crying. One officer came in and looked around. I simply don\u2019t know how I managed to explain our situation so fluently and the fact we were alone, but he understood at once and left politely. A stone was removed from our hearts. Now we realise how great a person\u2019s desire to live is. (p.38)\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tWhat a disappointment I felt when I reached the place and learned that the transport had left long ago. I lost my last hope of offering any kind of help, my last hope of even being able to wish them well. All at once I had lost everyone, everyone who was dear to me, and only later did I understand this. How difficult it was to get used to my emptiness and loneliness. (p.56)\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tAfter standing for a long time we finally marched out of the ghetto, which is completely deserted\u2026.\nFor the first time, I saw the panorama of our future residence, the barbed wire and the guard towers all around, and in the middle the tiny barracks, huddled up against one another, that are supposed to hold an entire ghetto. We had to stand again at the gate and they counted, re-counted, added up and subtracted, and they managed to play around for half an hour before deciding we should go to barrack no.18\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tOne whole Barakenbau group of eighteen people was shot: several unemployed women who could not cope with the stone-breaking work and fifteen people laid off at the Kabel factory. One more crime to match the others.\nAnd where is the Lord God who watches all this and does not help us, who does not send any punishment for these criminals?\nDear Lusia is in complete despair. Working at the stone-breaking group, she saw it all. She has no work assignment and we cannot arrange anything for her since we have no acquaintances. How terribly I feel the lack of my beloved father, who everyone knew\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Click on the different pages to reveal Julius’ words. What can a few sentences reveal to us about Julius’ experience?<\/strong><\/p>

Julius\u2019s diary was found hidden in a wall at P\u0142asz\u00f3w concentration camp once the war had ended.<\/p>

It ends mid-sentence on 11 April 1943.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\tDiary and ID card are on display at The National Holocaust Centre and Museum, Laxton, Nottinghamshire.<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJohann Stojka<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2014<\/span>+<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u2014\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDaniel Bennahmias<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t_<\/span>+<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"_\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEda De Buton<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2014<\/span>+<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u2014\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJulie Weiss<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2014<\/span>+<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u2014\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tJulius Feldman<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2014<\/span>+<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u2014\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEllen Rawson<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\u2014<\/span>+<\/span><\/cite>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\u2014\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Julius’ Object The reverse cover of Julius’s diary, which was printed with a map of Poland. Note the faint hand-drawn arrows, which appear to suggest the path of the German invasion. Julius kept a diary recording the horrifying events he and those around him were forced to endure from 1939 to 1943, and it provides […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-802","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nOOEJ - Julius Object - Ordinary Objects, Extraordinary Journeys<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Julius kept a diary recording the horrifying events he and those around him were forced to endure from 1939 to 1943.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ooej.org\/el\/julius-object\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OOEJ - Julius Object - Ordinary Objects, Extraordinary Journeys\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Julius kept a diary recording the horrifying events he and those around him were forced to endure from 1939 to 1943.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ooej.org\/el\/julius-object\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ordinary Objects, Extraordinary Journeys\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-08-01T19:01:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ooej.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/ui-scroll-down.svg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ooej.org\\\/julius-object\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ooej.org\\\/julius-object\\\/\",\"name\":\"OOEJ - 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